See bir in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "bior"
},
"expansion": "Irish: bior",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: bior"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bior"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: bior",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: bior"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*beru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *beru",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *beru.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bero",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bera",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "beura",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "beura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "beura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "beura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bero",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bero",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "berae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beraib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "beraib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "beura",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "bero",
"7": "or",
"8": "bera",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "bero",
"3": "beura",
"gen2": "bera"
},
"expansion": "bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"dat_pl": "beraib",
"dat_sg": "biur",
"g": "n",
"gen_pl": "berae",
"gen_sg": "bero",
"gen_sg2": "bera",
"nom_pl": "beura",
"nom_sg2": "biur"
},
"name": "sga-decl-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "bir+L",
"acc_du2": "biur",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "beura",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "bir+N",
"acc_sg2": "biur",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "u-n",
"dat_du": "beraib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "beraib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "biur+L",
"dat_sg2": "biur",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "bero+N",
"gen_du2": "bera+N",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_pl": "berae+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "bero+H",
"gen_sg2": "bera+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "bir+L",
"nom_du2": "biur",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "beura+L",
"nom_pl2": "bira",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_pl4": "",
"nom_sg": "bir+N",
"nom_sg2": "biur",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "bir+L",
"voc_du2": "biur",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "beura",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "bir+N",
"voc_sg2": "biur",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "pointed",
"word": "berach"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "beura glosses sudes (“stake”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stake, spit, point; spear, spike"
],
"id": "en-bir-sga-noun-bzxeZL41",
"links": [
[
"stake",
"stake"
],
[
"spit",
"spit"
],
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "biur"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bʲir]"
}
],
"word": "bir"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*beru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *beru",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrewh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (“spring, well”), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (“fermentation, boiling heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beru",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "beru",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "gender unknown",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive unattested",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u",
"2": "?",
"3": "beru"
},
"expansion": "bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "spring i.e. water ... watercress and rivermouth and well",
"text": "bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water, spring, well"
],
"id": "en-bir-sga-noun-KDB2d-vE",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"spring",
"spring"
],
[
"well",
"well"
]
],
"tags": [
"no-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bʲir]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bir"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "·bir",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mbir",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "verb form",
"3": "",
"head": "·bir"
},
"expansion": "·bir",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "·bir"
},
"expansion": "·bir",
"name": "sga-verb form"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 8 1 7 3 7 17 1 3 1 27 4 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 6 1 10 2 5 20 1 2 1 35 3 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "beirid"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present indicative conjunct of beirid"
],
"id": "en-bir-sga-verb-RUcCfdl7",
"links": [
[
"beirid",
"beirid#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjunct",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bʲirʲ]"
}
],
"word": "bir"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish neuter nouns",
"Old Irish neuter u-stem nouns",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish verb forms",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "pointed",
"word": "berach"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "bior"
},
"expansion": "Irish: bior",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: bior"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bior"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: bior",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: bior"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*beru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *beru",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *beru.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bero",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bera",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "beura",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "beura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "beura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "beura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bero",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bero",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "berae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beraib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "beraib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "beura",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "bero",
"7": "or",
"8": "bera",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "bero",
"3": "beura",
"gen2": "bera"
},
"expansion": "bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"dat_pl": "beraib",
"dat_sg": "biur",
"g": "n",
"gen_pl": "berae",
"gen_sg": "bero",
"gen_sg2": "bera",
"nom_pl": "beura",
"nom_sg2": "biur"
},
"name": "sga-decl-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "bir+L",
"acc_du2": "biur",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "beura",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "bir+N",
"acc_sg2": "biur",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "u-n",
"dat_du": "beraib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "beraib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "biur+L",
"dat_sg2": "biur",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "bero+N",
"gen_du2": "bera+N",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_pl": "berae+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "bero+H",
"gen_sg2": "bera+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "bir+L",
"nom_du2": "biur",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "beura+L",
"nom_pl2": "bira",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_pl4": "",
"nom_sg": "bir+N",
"nom_sg2": "biur",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "bir+L",
"voc_du2": "biur",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "beura",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "bir+N",
"voc_sg2": "biur",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "beura glosses sudes (“stake”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stake, spit, point; spear, spike"
],
"links": [
[
"stake",
"stake"
],
[
"spit",
"spit"
],
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bʲir]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "biur"
}
],
"word": "bir"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish verb forms",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*beru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *beru",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrewh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (“spring, well”), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (“fermentation, boiling heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beru",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "beru",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "gender unknown",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive unattested",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u",
"2": "?",
"3": "beru"
},
"expansion": "bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "spring i.e. water ... watercress and rivermouth and well",
"text": "bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water, spring, well"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"spring",
"spring"
],
[
"well",
"well"
]
],
"tags": [
"no-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bʲir]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bir"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish verb forms",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "·bir",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bir",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mbir",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "verb form",
"3": "",
"head": "·bir"
},
"expansion": "·bir",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "·bir"
},
"expansion": "·bir",
"name": "sga-verb form"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "beirid"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present indicative conjunct of beirid"
],
"links": [
[
"beirid",
"beirid#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjunct",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bʲirʲ]"
}
],
"word": "bir"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bir meaning in Old Irish (8.1kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
"path": [
"bir"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: bir/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"bir"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"bir"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"bir"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bir",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for mbir",
"path": [
"bir"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bir",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.